In 5 of these cases, both intraoperative observations and imaging data suggested that an important factor in the blood loss was damage to the pterygoid venous plexus. The pterygoid venous plexus is an extensive valveless plexus of veins that parallels the medial two thirds of the maxillary artery on the lateral aspect of the medial pterygoid muscle, within the infratemporal fossa. Neuroanatomy, pterygoid plexus statpearls ncbi bookshelf. Epidural procedures in the standard anterior transpetrosal approach atpa may damage the route of the sbv. Search help in finding pterygoid venous plexus online quiz version. Epidural anterior petrosectomy with subdural visualization. This emissary vein connects the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus mettler. The length of the maxillary vein and its height from. Integrated open surgical and endovascular embolization treatment of a paracavernous venous plexus fistula. Pdf transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous. Anterior condylar vein the anterior condylar vein accompanies the hypoglossal nerve.
Management of pterygoid venous plexus hemorrhage during. From the plexus an emissary vein reaches the cavernous sinus. The isolated involvement of the lateral pterygoid muscles may be due to the presence of the surrounding pterygoid venous plexus. Normal flow signal of the pterygoid plexus on 3t mra in. Lymphatic drainage is also to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Both types of fistula may have drainage through the superior ophthalmic vein, the plexus of the foramen ovale to the pterygoid plexus, andor the deep middle cerebral vein. However, unlike a ccf, the paracavernous venous plexus fistula does not drain directly through the inferior petrosal sinus, but rather it drains through the cavernous sinus. The pterygoid venous plexuses are closely adjacent to the lateral pterygoid m. Detection of these vessels is crucial, since they may constitute a. The basilar venous plexus lies between the endosteal and visceral layers of the dura on the inner surface of the clivus and connects numerous regional venous structures superiorly.
Primary orbital varices are idiopathic and confined to the orbit. Microsurgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa joo 20. Condylar posteriorattached to lateral pterygoid muscle 2. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by the free. Ophthalmic venous plexus, is discharged by means of two main trunks the superficial. We report a case in which modified surgical procedures via the atpa were used to. In 5 of these cases, both intraoperative observations and imaging data suggested that an important factor in the blood loss was damage to the pterygoid venous plexus pvp. Seeker lite 10, target to the frontal part disconnection of the arterial and venous structures of the superior sagittal sinus. The masseter muscle is sometimes so enlarged, unilaterally or bilaterally, that it can be mistaken for a tumor. The pterygoid plexus specifically is connected to the inferior orbital venous system via communicating vessels that travel through the inferior orbital fissure. Research on the cavernous portion of the pterygoid venous. The plexus drain into the short maxillary vein through runs back to join the superficial temporal vein and form.
Maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus, dr adel bondok. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Infection from the infratemporal region may involve the cavernous sinus via emissary veins. Epidural anterior petrosectomy with subdural visualization of.
Contrastenhanced fatsaturated t1weighted mr image repetition time msececho time msec 55010 obtained at the level of c2 shows the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus solid arrow with anastomoses dashed arrow to the external vertebral venous plexus. In principle, both tributaries as well as draining veins may serve as transvenous approach to the cavernous sinus, depending on individual angioarchitecture of the av. We report a case of rhabdomyolysis due to acetaminophen overdose involving the lateral pterygoid muscles bilaterally, in addition to the other muscles of the abdomen and pelvis. The amount of blood lost ranged from 200 to 5,000 ml mean. Pterygoid venous plexus is connected with the cavernous sinus through the emissary veins. Flow signals may be seen in the jugular vein and dural sinuses at the skull base on mra images in healthy participants, however, because of reverse flow. The floor of the middle fossa has been removed to expose the infratemporal fossa, which contains the branches of the maxillary artery and the mandibular nerve, the pterygoid venous plexus, and the pterygoid muscles. Morphotopography of the roots of jugular vein in sheep.
Extracranially, the ventral and dorsal venous systems are connected through the interpterygoid emissary vein, which runs through the interpterygoid foramen and connects the intercavernous sinus with the internal maxillary veins and pterygoid plexi of both sides fig. However, most of the blood draining from the tissues supplied by this. Jul 28, 2012 the drainage of the superficial middle cerebral vein smcv is classified into four subtypes. Pterygoid venous plexus the pterygoid venous plexus is located partly between the temporalis and pterygoid muscles. In the case of tumor extension into the orbit me type 1, the surgical method is the same as dolencs approach. It is an important region because of the potential to spread. Venography of the cavernous sinus, orbital veins, and basal. Enumerate the tributaries of pterygoid venous plexus.
Oct 29, 2020 pterygoid venous plexus plexus venosus pterygoideus the pterygoid venous plexus is a venous network that surrounds the pterygoid segment of the maxillary artery. Integrated open surgical and endovascular embolization. Pterygoid venous plexus radiology reference article. The inferior ophthalmic vein may drain posteriorly directly into the cavernous sinus or to the pterygoid plexus. Research on the cavernous portion of the pterygoid venous plexus. Anatomy and pathology of the cranial emissary veins. It is important to be aware of the imaging characteristics of rhabdomyolysis and to consider the possibility of involvement of head and neck muscles to aid in early diagnosis and avoid misinterpretation of the imaging. Coronoid process temporalis muscle attached v3 branches.
As a result, the tributaries of the venous plexus parallel the branches of the maxillary artery. It receives tributaries corresponding with the branches of the maxillary artery, which are. Maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus, dr adel. Ta a venous plexus occupying the infratemporal fossa receiving veins accompanying the branches of the maxillary artery, and terminating posteriorly in the maxillary vein. Pterygoid plexus network of very small veins that lie around and within the lateral pterygoid muscle that drains the venous corresponding branches of the maxillary artery. Citeseerx case report lateral pterygoid muscle rhabdomyolysis. Delayed removal of maxillary third molar displaced into. The pterygoid venous plexus is an extensive valveless plexus of veins that parallels the medial two thirds of the maxillary.
Many of the deeper veins of the front of the head, e. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence of flow. A clinically significant attribute of the pterygoid. We have conducted a study after injection of colored latex in 10 unembalmed subjects in order to define the arrangement of the venous network and to assess the frequency of the different types of plexuses found. It is an important region because of the potential to spread dental infection. It is located within the infratemporal fossa, lying partly between temporal and lateral pterygoid muscle, and partly between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The pterygoid venous plexus is an extensive valveless plexus of veins that parallels the medial two thirds of the maxillary artery on the lateral. Studies on the cavernous portion of the pterygoid venous.
Cavernous sinuses and draining dural sinuses or veins are often visualized on 3d tof mra images in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas involving the cs. An unusual muscular variation of the infratemporal fossa core. Our analyses were based on intraoperative observations and advanced imaging methods. It is a valveless venous plexus of considerable size, and is situated on the lateral aspect of medial pterygoid within the infratemporal fossa it drains the eye and is directly connected to the cavernous sinus. Cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the carotid. Cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the. For venous drainage of the cavernous sinus, the inferior petrosal sinus and pterygoid plexus have main importance. A venous plexus lying between the temporalis, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles.
Buccal vein and establishes the connection between pterygoidian plexus and profunda faciei vein. Pterygoid plexus vein definition of pterygoid plexus vein. Orbital varices can be divided into primary and secondary orbital varices. Scremin, in the rat nervous system fourth edition, 2015 extracranial venous anastomoses. Pterygoid venous plexus cavernous sinus deep facial vein.
The plexus is formed by very small veins that are the venous counterparts to the branches of the maxillary artery. Studies on the cavernous portion of the pterygoid venous plexus and its relation to the system of parapharyngeal spaces or fissures. Pterygoid plexus vein definition of pterygoid plexus. Surgical anatomy of the infratemporal fossa using the transmaxillary. This video is about the pterygoid venous plexus, its situation, drainage, communications, lateral pterygoid acting as peripheral heart in detail. This is an online quiz called pterygoid venous plexus there is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. The pterygoid plexus is a venous plexus of considerable size, and is situated between the. The posterior wall of the cavernous sinus extends laterally from the dorsum sellae to the medial edge of the ostium of meckels cave. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by the.
Venous bleeding from pterygoid plexus must be cared for. Maxillary vein is short and has its origins in pterygoid plexus. In other words, the injection of contrast medium into the posterior portion of the mandible does not only outline medullary cavity of but also allow the demonstration of the pterygoid venous plexus and of some of its tributaries. To the best of our knowledge, involvement of the head and neck muscles by rhabdomyolysis has not been reported previously. Our purpose was to investigate the prevalence of flow signals in the pterygoid plexus and cs on 3t mra images in a cohort of participants without davfs. The pterygoid plexus is a venous network that lies in the infratemporal fossa and drains into the maxillary vein. The temporalis muscle, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, pterygoid venous plexus, mandibular nerve and its branches, maxillary artery and its branches, and the chorda tympani nerve are all contained in the infratemporal fossa. The collection of veins occupying the infratemporal fossa. It is most important tributary of the alveolo maxillary vein. Transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula of the laterocavernous sinus through the pterygoid plexus. Occipital emissary vein arises from the transverse sinus and drains to the occipital vein and internal vertebral plexus. The sphenobasal vein sbv drains from the smcv to the pterygoid venous plexus at the temporal skull base.
Also received drainage of inferior ophthalmic vein via the inferior orbital fissure and the deep facial vein. The maxillary artery, lateral pterygoid muscle, pterygoid venous plexus, foramen rotundum and foramen ovale were. Pterygoid plexus definition of pterygoid plexus by the free dictionary. Spenopalatine artery termination pterygoid venous plexus set of veins that will drain the deep face and have connections to the emissary veins therefor connection to the ca vernous sinus structures in the parotid gland facial nerve auriculotemporal nerve carries cn ix to parotid gland to innervate it retromandibular vein. It is connected to the cavernous sinus and the pharyngeal venous plexus. The lateral pterygoid plate forms the medial margin while the maxilla forms the medial aspect of this space. Course of the maxillary vein and its positional relationship. The pharyngotympanic tube venous drainage is to the pterygoid venous plexus. Thirteen sides of cadavers in the possession of the department of anatomy of tokyo dental college were used. Pterygoid venous plexus is located around the maxillary artery and lateral pterygoid muscle in the infratemporal fossa. It is the venous equivalent of most of the maxillary artery, that is, tributaries from each of the areas supplied by the branches of the maxillary artery ultimately drain into the pterygoid venous plexus andor its principal. Pterygoid venous plexus plexus venosus pterygoideus the pterygoid venous plexus is a venous network that surrounds the pterygoid segment of the maxillary artery.
1133 209 946 665 1219 951 1798 1092 1039 678 690 611 1581 1687 1634 1165 1485 1450 79 1028 1405 344 1117 1128 1355 730 1191 797 540 1133 1372 494 681 440 184 1660 703 1232