Presupposition and entailment in pragmatics pdf book

Pdf this paper examines the claim that the only adequate account of. Robert stalnaker, pragmatic presuppositions princeton university. Pdf presupposition, implicature and context in text. Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features. Cas lx 502semantics 1 fall 2009 2 special term for the relationship that holds between 2a4a and 2b4b. A presupposition of a part of an utterance is sometimes also a presupposition of the whole utterance, and sometimes not. I broke your jar is committed to believing that q e. Unit 1 meaning and scope of pragmatics unit 2 historical overview of pragmatics unit 3 context in language use module 2 unit 1 tact unit 2 deixis unit 3 deixis contd unit 4 reference and inference unit 5 presupposition unit 6 conversational principle unit 7 politeness principle unit 8 speech acts unit 9 speech events. Unit 1 meaning and scope of pragmatics unit 2 historical overview of pragmatics unit 3 context in language use module 2 unit 1 tact unit 2 deixis unit 3 deixis contd unit 4 reference and inference unit 5 presupposition unit 6 conversational principle unit.

Tentative statements can be given when we have doubt about the existential presuppositions. An analysis of types of presupposition in time magazine. A sentence a entails a sentence b just in case whenever a is true, b is also true. All these sentences carry the presupposition you took a book from the teacher. Presupposition is what the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance. Presupposition and entailment sidnell major reference. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on youtube. Lexical alternatives as a source of pragmatic presuppositions.

For instance, the phrase my wife triggers the presupposition that i have a wife. Presupposition a special type of entailment is presupposition as defined in cl p 246. Hand of the book of pragmatists, lawrence r horne, gregory. It presents a detailed discussion of presupposition and its relation with philosophy, logic, syntax, gricean theory, speech act theory as well as entailment. If chris used to write for four different book publishers, he must. Presupposition and entailment selamat datang di blog ilma. Stalnaker takes this as evidence for a pragmatic derivation of the presupposition. Every theory from the above has come to improve on the other one. One area of usage in which pragmatics plays a substantial part is in the interpretation of figurative language. Using this book vii acknowledgements ix 1 what is pragmatics.

It is possible for the constraints on presupposition to vary from context to context, without requiring variation in the semantic interpretation of what is said. Speakers have presuppositions while sentences, not speakers, have entailments. Stalnaker does not state that this is a presupposition but rather a pragmatic constraint. Presupposition and entailment association for computational. The introduction of accommodation in conditionals and factives and the neo. As a matter of fact, presupposition is what the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance whereas entailment is what logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance. An entailment is something that logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance. If p entails q, then any speaker who states that p is true e. Pis a pragmatic presupposition of a speaker in a given context just in case. A sentence p entails a sentence q when the truth of the. Presupposition and entailment21 logical consequence. Originally presented as the authors thesis, london, 1973 includes bibliographical references pages 222230 and index introduction.

Although there is no one undisputed definition of pragmatics, the term will be understood in its broadest sense as the relationship between language structure and extralinguistic. Palgrave studies in pragmatics, language and cognition. Entailment, which is not a pragmatic concept, is what logically follows from what is asserted in the utterance. The first sentence below carries that presupposition, even though the phrase occurs inside an embedded clause. This is an introduction to pragmatics, the study of how people make sense of each other linguistically. Semantic accounts are potentially compatible with pragmatic ones, in the sense that using a presupposition trigger is an excellent way to achieve the speaker action of presupposing. All these previous sentences carry the presupposition that you took a book from. The author explains, and illustrates, basic concepts such as the cooperative principle, deixis, and speech acts, providing a clear, concise foundation for further study. Entailment is technically a semantic relationship rather than a pragmatic one, but its useful to have it in mind to contrast two other relationships with. Apr 17, 2012 pragmatics presupposition and entailnment 1. Entailment entailment a the evil overlord assassinated the man in the red shirt. The relationship between the linguistic form and communicative function is of central interest in.

In other words, the truth of a guarantees the truth of b. Pragmatics is the study of meaning as communicated by the speaker and interpreted by the listener according to yule 2010. An introduction to english semantics and pragmatics on jstor. This society of reduction has also its effects on linguistics, and this is where the present topic of the paper, entailments and presuppositions come into play. Indeed, speakers must wield the with care, for the. Every theory from the above has come to improve on the other. Presupposition and entailment yuanli fan atlantis press. There is an important difference between entailment and presupposition with regard to how the nature of the speech act being performed affects the inference. Much more central to pragmatics in the past than now. Ehrman introduction this study addresses the pragmatic dimension in the process of translation. Texts and studies in linguistics and philosophy, vol 10. The focal point of pragmatics from the greekpragma,act is linguistic action and interaction.

Nov 30, 20 entailment also differs from presupposition in that in presupposition, the truth of what one is presupposing is taken for granted. Pragmatics 1st edition jean stilwell peccei routledge book. Links to pragmatics, george yule, oxford university press, 1996. In examples 1 and 4 the presupposition, there is a chief constable, is tied to a particular linguistic expression here the definite description, the chief constable see definiteness, grammatical. For example, the sentence a the president was assassinated. Entailment is usually a oneway relation between sentences. Pdf understanding presupposition and entailment balaji g. All these previous sentences carry the presupposition that you took a boo. In this book, we have distinguished between semantics, the study of word and sentence meaning in the abstract, and pragmatics, the study of utterances in context. Aug 11, 2020 the semantic entailment in 3 dissolves whereas the presupposition in 2 survives. The demands the respect not only of the linguist and the grammarian but of the everyday english speaker as well. Similarly, entailment is logical or truthful consequence it is something that necessarily follows from what is asserted. Presuppositions based on entailments are always true.

The idea was developed independently, but in rather di. Get the pragmatists of the george yule pdf file for free on our e book library. This book attempts to explore presupposition as one of the most influential pragmatic notions. Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics u. One can separate the question of entailment relations from the. This paper examines the roles which presupposition and implicature play with respect to what is asserted by a text and to its context, as a part of the process of text understanding. Sentence a presupposes sentence b if a entails b and the negation of a also.

The present paper attempts to explain what the logicians or philosophers have said regarding presupposition and entailment in the domain of semantics and pragmatics. Hence, it is clear that presupposition and entailment are strictly a subclass. Despite its roots in philosophy, classical rhetorical tradition and stylistics, prag. For example, whquestion in english are conventionally interpreted with the presupposition that the information after the whform e. In the branch of linguistics known as pragmatics, a presupposition or psp is an implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance whose truth is taken for granted in discourse.

But if we switch to the first person as in 4b, the presupposition drops out. Presupposition and entailments are yet other examples of more being communicated than is said. Pdf understanding presupposition and entailment balaji. Presupposition the handbook of pragmatics wiley online. Presupposition as a pragma tic inference toward a new conceptualization of the term. Presupposition projection and entailment relations tdx. The linguistic framework general conditions on a semantic theory the relation between syntax and semantics on the nature of semantic features and the semantic component on the form of semantic features on the nature of the projection rules. Presupposition and entailment in pragmatics introduction 4 68 types of presupposition 5 68 the projection problem 6 68. Every presupposition is potential only becomes actual within a context and cotext. The alleged ambiguity of negation and the contrasts among presupposition, assertion, and direct entailment. Stalnaker pointed out that the pragmatic presupposition of discover correlates with contextual factors and indexicality. If john read some of the books, he will get full credits. For example, both the king of france is ill and the king of france is not ill presuppose that there is a king of france. The study deals with the notion of entailment, its types, i.

Semantic presupposition is subject to test like entailment. May 20, 2020 pragmatic and semantic presuppositions are closely related, in that an utterance of a sentence that has a semantic presupposition is associated with a pragmatic presupposition about the semantic presupposition, while a pragmatic presupposition does not necessarily stem from a semantic presupposition. Presupposition as a pragmatic inference toward a new. The paper glosses the pragmatic inference of presupposition in a way. More specifically, this study attempts to reveal the relation between entailment and presupposition. Specify which sentence is a presupposition, which is a simple entailment, and which is both an entailment and a presupposition. The central thesis, both of dierdre wilsons book and of ruth kempsons is that semantic theory has no need of any of the notions of presupposition which have. Pragmatics topic 002 the borderline between semantics and pragmatics both semantics and pragmatics involve studying meaning, but they are generally seen as different fields.